Install Oracle Database 21c on Oracle Linux 8.9

Make entry in /etc/hosts file as follows

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
201.141.25.101    oraclelinux.alpha ora21c-89

For manual setup we have to make the following entries in /etc/sysctl.conf file

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run the following command to change the kernel parameters

#/sbin/sysctl -p 

vi /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-21c.conf and add the following lines

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   data    unlimited
oracle   hard   data    unlimited

Install the following packages. To install with yum create a local repository of the oracle linux 8.9 iso image from the link To create a local yum repository from oracle linux 8.9 iso image Once the repository is created you can install as follows.

yum install bc
yum install binutils
yum install compat-openssl10
yum install elfutils-libelf
yum install glibc
yum install glibc-devel
yum install ksh
yum install libaio
yum install libXrender
yum install libX11
yum install libXau
yum install libXi
yum install libXtst
yum install libgcc
yum install libnsl
yum install libstdc++
yum install libxcb
yum install libibverbs
yum install make
yum install policycoreutils
yum install policycoreutils-python-utils
yum install smartmontools
yum install sysstat
yum install unixODBC

If yun repository is created properly, a sample install is as below.

[root@oraclelinux ~]# yum install policycoreutils
Last metadata expiration check: 0:19:08 ago on Sat 08 Jun 2024 11:31:03 AM IST.
Package policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                       Arch    Version         Repository          Size
================================================================================
Upgrading:
 policycoreutils               x86_64  2.9-25.0.1.el8  ol8_baseos_latest  376 k
 policycoreutils-python-utils  noarch  2.9-25.0.1.el8  ol8_baseos_latest  253 k
 python3-policycoreutils       noarch  2.9-25.0.1.el8  ol8_baseos_latest  2.2 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Upgrade  3 Packages

Total download size: 2.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64.rp 1.2 MB/s | 376 kB     00:00    
(2/3): policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-25.0.1. 772 kB/s | 253 kB     00:00    
(3/3): python3-policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.n 2.2 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:01    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           2.8 MB/s | 2.9 MB     00:01     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1
  Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64                  1/1
  Upgrading        : policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64                  1/6
  Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64                  1/6
  Upgrading        : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch          2/6
  Upgrading        : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch     3/6
  Cleanup          : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.noarch     4/6
  Cleanup          : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.noarch          5/6
  Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.x86_64                  6/6
  Cleanup          : policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.x86_64                  6/6
  Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.x86_64                  6/6
  Verifying        : policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64                  1/6
  Verifying        : policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.x86_64                  2/6
  Verifying        : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch     3/6
  Verifying        : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.noarch     4/6
  Verifying        : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch          5/6
  Verifying        : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-24.0.1.el8.noarch          6/6

Upgraded:
  policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.x86_64                                         
  policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch                            
  python3-policycoreutils-2.9-25.0.1.el8.noarch                                 

Complete!

As a root user create new groups and users

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle 

Additional setups set a password for the oracle user

#passwd oracle

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is completed restart the server of run the following command.

#setenforce Permissive 

Run the following commands to disable linux firewall

# systemctl stop firewalld 

# systemctl disable firewalld 

You will get following output Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. Create the directories in which the linux software is to be installed

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1 mkdir -p /u02/oradata chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02 chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02 

It is not a good practice to put mount points under root without mounting separate disks for them. In this installation it is done for simplicity. Create a scripts directory in ORACLE_HOME

mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

Create the environment file /home/oracle/script/setEnv.sh

#Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclelinux.alpha
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1

export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

Add a reference of setEnv.sh in your .bash_profile vi .bash_profile and make an entry as below

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

vi /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh

#!/bin/bash

. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO

. oraenv

export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart $ORACLE_HOME

vi /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh

. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO

. oraenv

export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut $ORACLE_HOME

Change the ownership and rights of /home/oracle/scripts directory as below

#chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts

#chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

Download LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip from below site https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle21c-linux-downloads.html Copy this zip file to the $ORACLE_HOME path that has been set in setEnv.sh script. unzip the file as oracle user and run .runInstaller and click on radio button * Setup software only

. ./runInstaller

Run the root scripts when prompted.

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
# /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Steps to reinstall

Clean up /u01/app/oracle with the following command  directory

#\rm -Rf /u01/app/oracle/* 

When installing/reinstalling,  If you get the below error

"Error invoking target irman ioracle of makefile”

you will need to copy libjavavm.a file from $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib to $ORACLE_HOME/lib folder, do a folder cleamup of /u01/app/oracle and restart the installation.

cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/jdk/jdk8/lib/libjavavm.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib

when reinstalling oracle software if you get below error SEVERE: [Jun 10, 2024 4:32:04 AM] [FATAL] [INS-35955] The Database software home (/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dhhome_1) is already registered in the central inventory. This tool can only be used in a non-registered Database home. ACTION: Choose a different location as Oracle home. try the following move the oracle home directory to another directory and start the installation from the new directory

mv /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dhhome_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dhhome_2

Install sqldeveloper download sqldeveloper from the below site https://www.oracle.com/database/sqldeveloper/technologies/download/ after unzipping to a folder say /home/oracle/sqldeveloper run

. ./sqldeveloper.sh

If you get below error,  

  Error during the initialization of boot layer. java.lang.module.FindException: Module javafx.base not found 

means the java version installed on your OS is not compatible with your sqldeveloper version.

Download sqldeveloper rpm from the following url https://www.oracle.com/database/sqldeveloper/technologies/download/ 

For this, java 11 version is required to be installed. You can download from any of below sites for your linux OS.

https://www.oracle.com/in/java/technologies/javase/jdk11-archive-downloads.html https://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=java-11-openjdk(x86-64) 

Install jdk11 as follows

rpm -ivh jdk-11.0.22_linux-x64_bin.rpm 
--OR after adding the rpm to your yum repository of rpms
yum install jdk-11.0.22_linux-x64_bin.rpm

In /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh add JAVA_HOME and java to you PATH env variable

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/java/latest/bin

Install sqldeveloper rpm as follows

rpm -ivh sqldeveloper-23.1.1-345.2114.noarch.rpm
or
yum install sqldeveloper-23.1.1-345.2114.noarch.rpm

which sqldeveloper
/usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper

As root user execute 

. sqldeveloper 

Your database is now up and running and you can use sqldeveloper as a UI for all your database queries and programs.

References 

https://oracle-base.com/articles/21c/oracle-db-21c-installation-on-oracle-linux-8#manual_setup https://oracledbwr.com/step-by-step-oracle-21c-installation-on-linux/ 

For db install

https://medium.com/geekculture/oracle-database-19c-installation-on-linux-e184dde4ce03 

For SSH setup

http://jhenningerdba.blogspot.com/2015/07/

Thought for the day

All wisdom is from the Lord and with him it remains forever. The sand of the sea, the drops of rain, and the days of eternity, who can count them?

Sirach 1:1-3

We can only do small things, with great Love - Mother Theresa